{"id":10502,"date":"2019-02-23T09:00:34","date_gmt":"2019-02-23T17:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/?p=10502"},"modified":"2021-08-02T01:46:05","modified_gmt":"2021-08-02T08:46:05","slug":"the-latest-twist-on-adding-backdoors-to-encryption-is-spooky-and-dangerous","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/the-latest-twist-on-adding-backdoors-to-encryption-is-spooky-and-dangerous\/","title":{"rendered":"The latest twist on adding backdoors to encryption is spooky – and dangerous"},"content":{"rendered":"

Authorities around the world have been calling for backdoors to be added to strong encryption<\/a> for years \u2013 part of an even older battle<\/a>. The view among all top security experts is that this is a very bad idea<\/a>, since it is likely to add extra vulnerabilities to systems, which weakens the security for everyone. Despite that, Australia has gone ahead and passed a law requiring backdoors<\/a>.<\/p>\n

One reason the legislation was rushed through in its present dangerous form is that the main opposition party in Australia thought it would be able to improve things afterwards. Indeed, 12 days after the encryption law was passed, Australia\u2019s Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security announced it would begin a review of the law. Even though leading technology companies and civil liberties organizations<\/a> are all strongly against the law, it\u2019s not clear the review will lead to any radical changes. Australia\u2019s Digital Rights Watch group wants the entire law repealed<\/a>:<\/p>\n

Encryption is not a barrier to a safe society \u2013 quite the opposite \u2013 it is a form of protection against criminal acts, including state-sponsored hacking. Encryption plays a role in protecting our digital infrastructure, such as the banking system, the electricity grid and mass transit systems. This is the future of warfare and encryption is one of our few defences against criminal and aggressive acts. It is an important line of defence against bad actors, and we weaken it at our peril.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

While Australia continues to argue about the use of \u201ctraditional\u201d encryption backdoors, two senior officers from the UK\u2019s signals intelligence agency, GCHQ, have published an interesting proposal<\/a> that takes a different approach. It contains some welcome statements, such as: \u201cTargeted exceptional access capabilities should not give governments unfettered access to user data.\u201d They say they don\u2019t propose that governments should have access to some kind of \u201cglobal key\u201d that can unlock any user\u2019s data. They point out that \u201cGovernment controlled global key escrow systems would be a catastrophically dumb solution in these cases.\u201d They go on to propose what they see as an alternative to weakening strong encryption: silently adding law enforcement agents to otherwise encrypted conversations:<\/p>\n

The service provider usually controls the identity system and so really decides who\u2019s who and which devices are involved \u2013 they\u2019re usually involved in introducing the parties to a chat or call. You end up with everything still being end-to-end encrypted, but there\u2019s an extra \u2018end\u2019 on this particular communication.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

They say this is no more intrusive than the technique used in traditional voice intercept solutions \u2013 clipping on extra wires to circuits \u2013 that it doesn\u2019t give any government power they shouldn\u2019t have, and does not require backdoors that weaken security. That all sounds promising, but experts have criticized the idea for various reasons. For example, Susan Landau<\/a>, a professor in the Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, says:<\/p>\n

alligator clips, as they\u2019re called on this side of the Atlantic, intercept communications, but they do so for communications for which the service provider has not made a commitment of providing end-to-end encryption. The difference between alligator clips and the proposed virtual crocodile clips [of GCHQ\u2019s suggestion] is that in the latter, the service provider is being asked to change its communication system to provide exactly what the end-to-end encryption system was designed to prevent: access by a silent listener to the communication.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The Electronic Frontier Foundation is also unconvinced. A post on its site points out that for a system involving these kind of \u201cghost\u201d participants to work would require client software to lie<\/a>:<\/p>\n

In WhatsApp\u2019s UX [user experience], users can verify the security of a conversation by comparing \u201csecurity codes\u201d within the app. So for the ghost to work, there would have to be a way of forcing both users\u2019 clients to lie to them by showing a falsified security code, as well as suppress any notification that the conversation\u2019s keys had changed. Put differently, if GCHQ\u2019s proposal went into effect, consumers could never again trust the claims that our software makes about what it\u2019s doing to protect us.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Fiddling with the code in this way would increase the risk that new vulnerabilities would be introduced, and that other actors could use the same ghost function to eavesdrop on supposedly secure conversations. That\u2019s obviously bad for users and society in general. But the EFF is right to emphasize the fundamental problem with the GCHQ proposal: that it would undermine trust in an application and the company that made it \u2013 hardly a desirable result. As well-known security expert Bruce Schneier puts it<\/a>: \u201cCommunications companies could no longer be honest about what their systems were doing, and we would have no reason to trust them if they tried.\u201d<\/p>\n

Matthew Green, a professor at Johns Hopkins University, says providers of messaging software are aware that this is a potential weakness, and are already working to prevent users being misled by client software<\/a>. The GCHQ proposal therefore amounts to a government agency ordering a software company not<\/i> to harden their systems against that kind of attack. Green warns that this could be just the start of governments vetting software: \u201cIn the worst-case outcome, we\u2019ll be appointing agencies like GCHQ as the ultimate architect of Apple and Facebook\u2019s communication systems.\u201d<\/p>\n

The author of the EFF post mentioned above has co-written another, more technical critique of the GCHQ proposal. The analysis sees four likely routes for detecting when the ghost is present<\/a>: binary reverse engineering, cryptographic side channels, network-traffic analysis, and crash log analysis. The post also points out a different kind of flaw in the idea:<\/p>\n

There\u2019s another pretty glaring problem with the ghost proposal that we\u2019re not going to examine here \u2013 it only works with text or asynchronous protocols. It\u2019s not immediately clear to us how it could be adapted to real-time audio or video communications.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

As the various critiques above make clear, however superficially attractive the GCHQ proposal might seem, it is problematic from multiple viewpoints. It certainly doesn\u2019t resolve the long-standing tension between a desire for the authorities to have access to communications protected with strong encryption, and the requirement for the public, businesses and government to be able to use the Internet as safely as possible.<\/p>\n

Featured image by Max Pixel<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Authorities around the world have been calling for backdoors to be added to strong encryption for years \u2013 part of an even older battle. The view among all top security experts is that this is a very bad idea, since it is likely to add extra vulnerabilities to systems, which weakens the security for everyone. … Continue reading “The latest twist on adding backdoors to encryption is spooky – and dangerous”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":10509,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,1001,1,130],"tags":[322,507,149,549,159,284],"class_list":["post-10502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-security","category-encryption","category-news","category-governments","tag-australia","tag-backdoors","tag-eff","tag-end-to-end","tag-gchq","tag-whatsapp"],"yoast_head":"\nThe latest twist on adding backdoors to encryption is spooky - and dangerous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Authorities around the world have been calling for backdoors to be added to strong encryption for years \u2013 part of an even older battle. 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