{"id":3249,"date":"2016-10-13T02:13:23","date_gmt":"2016-10-13T09:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/?p=3249"},"modified":"2021-07-19T09:55:07","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T16:55:07","slug":"scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/","title":{"rendered":"Scotland Yard, Terrorism, and Encryption: How wording of charges contain hidden layers designed to shape public opinion"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Several people objected to the claim that \u201cScotland Yard says HTTPS is terrorism\u201d by asserting that Scotland Yard is following the law to the letter. Maybe they are, but that wasn\u2019t the point of the rather harsh (and admittedly oversummarizing) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/uk-running-blog-https-now-act-terrorism-says-scotland-yard\/\">headline<\/a> the other day \u2013 the point is that the terrorism case discussed has very nasty undertones that need to be understood, addressed, and countered. This is best understood through examples from other times.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Two days ago, I posted about Scotland Yard\u2019s case against an alleged terrorist, and how part of the terrorism charges were for the act of \u201cdeveloping an encrypted version of a blog site\u201d, which sounds like publishing a WordPress over HTTPS. It probably <em>is<\/em> publishing a WordPress over HTTPS, but even if it weren\u2019t, those charges could easily describe that act going forward, once this case is settled.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s look at the charge as listed again.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Count 3: Preparation for terrorism. Between 31 December 2015 and 22 September 2016 [name redacted], with the intention of assisting another or others to commit acts of terrorism, engaged in conduct in preparation for giving effect to his intention namely, by researching an encryption programme, developing an encrypted version of his blog site and publishing the instructions around the use of programme on his blog site. Contrary to section 5 Terrorism Act 2006.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Those who objected to my interpretation are pointing out \u2013 and are justified in doing so \u2013 that in legalese, this should be read with the intent to perform <em>actions that aid and abet<\/em> as the primary crime of terrorism, and the description of the actual actions secondary, as such (my highlights):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Count 3: Preparation for terrorism. Between 31 December 2015 and 22 September 2016 [name redacted], with the <span style=\"color: #000;\"><strong>intention of assisting another or others to commit acts of terrorism, engaged in conduct in preparation for giving effect to his intention<\/strong><\/span> namely, by <span style=\"color: #ccc;\">researching an encryption programme, developing an encrypted version of his blog site and publishing the instructions around the use of programme on his blog site<\/span>. Contrary to section 5 Terrorism Act 2006.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Rearranging a few words, this becomes <strong>\u201cengaged in preparation for giving effect to assisting another or others to commit acts of terrorism\u201d<\/strong>, which is easier on the eyes.<\/p>\n<p>In thus objecting, <em>these people are therefore entirely correct, but are missing the point:<\/em> for if the above is true, if the above wording is <em>sufficient,<\/em> why isn\u2019t that what Scotland Yard lists as the charge, instead of choosing something much more wordy? Why all those extra words? Is it just a courtesy to the understimulated Court, to give them some more material to read? No, obviously not. This is hard to see in one\u2019s own context, so let\u2019s instead compare to how the charge would read if it had been presented in the 1920s, and concerned aiding and abetting by providing entertainment (my highlights, changes, and redactions):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Count 3: Preparation for terrorism. Between 31 December 1925 and 22 September 1926 [name redacted], with the intention of assisting another or others to commit acts of terrorism, engaged in conduct in preparation for giving effect to his intention namely, <span style=\"color: #000;\">by listening to samples of jazz music, composing jazz versions of classical music, and performing jazz music in front of an audience.<\/span> Contrary to section 5 Terrorism Act 1926.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>It becomes clearer now, doesn\u2019t it? The above specifications of acts should have read just <em>\u201cpreparing entertainment sessions\u201d<\/em> or something similar. There are certain words, that are typical for the era and what the establishment dislikes in that era, that just don\u2019t belong in the description of what\u2019s criminal \u2013 in this case, <em>jazz<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>(As a side note before moving forward, I\u2019m not entirely sure that it\u2019s correct to state that an intent to aid and abet terrorist acts is sufficient to be prosecuted for terrorism \u2013 it usually requires some sort of material assistance toward a specific deed; the thought alone is insufficient. Then again, there has been a barrage of \u201canti-terrorism\u201d laws in the past decade, none of which make terrorism more illegal in any way, shape, or form; they are better described as \u201canti-due-process-for-people-we-don\u2019t-like\u201d laws. This barrage erodes many of the usual assumptions you could normally make about criminal law, presumption of innocence, and the burden of proof, so it\u2019s possible Scotland Yard is legally in the right as the letter of the law stands today even if something isn\u2019t, but can be claimed to possibly be used for terrorism, or something similar. Side note.)<\/p>\n<p>So here\u2019s what Scotland Yard is communicating in the second layer, in the undertones (my highlights and redactions):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #ccc;\">Count 3: Preparation for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000;\"><strong>terrorism<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #ccc;\">. Between 31 December 2015 and 22 September 2016 [name redacted], with the intention of assisting another or others to<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000;\"><strong>commit acts of terrorism<\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ccc;\">engaged in conduct in preparation for giving effect to his intention namely, by researching an<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000;\"><strong>encryption<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #ccc;\"> programme, developing an<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000;\"><strong>encrypted<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #ccc;\"> version of his blog site and publishing the instructions around the use of programme on his blog site. Contrary to section 5<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000;\"><strong>Terrorism<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ccc;\">Act 2006.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Again, it becomes clearer now, doesn\u2019t it? Scotland Yard really is saying that encryption is terrorism \u2014 but not overtly. It\u2019s more <em>hinting<\/em> at it. It\u2019s creating associations. Quite deliberately. This is how PR works; this is literally \u201cshaping public opinion 101\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>In comparison, this is how somebody from the net generation who don\u2019t see encryption best practices as something odd, harmful, or plain undesirable would probably have worded the same thing:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Count 3: Preparation for terrorism. Between 31 December 2015 and 22 September 2016 [name redacted], with the intention of assisting another or others to commit acts of terrorism, engaged in conduct in preparation for giving effect to his intention namely, <span style=\"color: #000;\">by researching appropriate communications channels, developing and deploying communications channels, and providing instructions for using said communications channels.<\/span> Contrary to section 5 Terrorism Act 2006.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>You will notice that this wording contains the same material acts, but omits the unnecessary word <em>encryption<\/em> as it\u2019s simply best practice to apply it in all those cases \u2013 encryption is and should be the default in all communications, with its opposite <em>cleartext<\/em> pointed out instead. So, no. Scotland Yard included the word <em>encryption<\/em> in the charge for a very deliberate reason, and a court processing the charge is going to pick up on that word and consider it being an aggravating factor, just as Scotland Yard intended \u2013 just as would have been the case with jazz music in the 1920s.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not supposed to work that way, but it does work that way.<\/p>\n<p>Privacy remains your own responsibility. Encrypt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Several people objected to the claim that \u201cScotland Yard says HTTPS is terrorism\u201d by asserting that Scotland Yard is following the law to the letter. Maybe they are, but that wasn\u2019t the point of the rather harsh (and admittedly oversummarizing) headline the other day \u2013 the point is that the terrorism case discussed has very &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Scotland Yard, Terrorism, and Encryption: How wording of charges contain hidden layers designed to shape public opinion&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3263,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1001,130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-encryption","category-governments"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 (Yoast SEO v26.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Scotland Yard, Terrorism, and Encryption: Shaping Public Opinion 101<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"People objected to the claim of Scotland Yard saying &quot;HTTPS is Terrorism&quot;, asserting the law is followed to the letter. 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Maybe, but there&#039;s much more to it.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PIA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/privateinternetaccess\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-13T09:13:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-19T16:55:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/megaphone-over-fence-photo-by-dumont-rom-at-freeimages.com_.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rick Falkvinge\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@http:\/\/twitter.com\/Falkvinge\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@buyvpnservice\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rick Falkvinge\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rick Falkvinge\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8153559f44e1b6f9738dd6c7d33046a4\"},\"headline\":\"Scotland Yard, Terrorism, and Encryption: How wording of charges contain hidden layers designed to shape public opinion\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-13T09:13:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-19T16:55:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/\"},\"wordCount\":1082,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/megaphone-over-fence-photo-by-dumont-rom-at-freeimages.com_.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Encryption\",\"Governments\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/\",\"name\":\"Scotland Yard, Terrorism, and Encryption: Shaping Public Opinion 101\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/scotland-yard-terrorism-and-encryption-how-wording-of-charges-contain-hidden-layers\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/megaphone-over-fence-photo-by-dumont-rom-at-freeimages.com_.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-13T09:13:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-19T16:55:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"People objected to the claim of Scotland Yard saying \\\"HTTPS is Terrorism\\\", asserting the law is followed to the letter. 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