{"id":4168,"date":"2017-03-21T04:09:05","date_gmt":"2017-03-21T11:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/?p=4168"},"modified":"2020-08-26T15:14:31","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T22:14:31","slug":"with-appeals-ruling-the-united-states-has-effectively-outlawed-file-encryption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/with-appeals-ruling-the-united-states-has-effectively-outlawed-file-encryption\/","title":{"rendered":"With appeals ruling, the United States has effectively outlawed file encryption"},"content":{"rendered":"

An appeals court has denied the appeal of a person who is jailed indefinitely for refusing to decrypt files. The man has not been charged with anything, but was ordered to hand over the unencrypted contents on police assertion of what the contents were. When this can result in lifetime imprisonment under \u201ccontempt of court\u201d, the United States has effectively outlawed file-level encryption \u2013 without even going through Congress.<\/p>\n

Yesterday, a US Appeals Court ruled against<\/a> the person now detained for almost 18 months for refusing to decrypt a hard drive. The man has not been charged with anything, but authorities assert that the drive contains child pornography, and they want to charge him for it. As this is a toxic subject that easily spins off into threads of its own, for the sake of argument here and for sticking to the 10,000-foot principles, let\u2019s say the authorities instead claim there are documents showing tax evasion<\/em> on the drive. The principles would be the same.<\/p>\n

Authorities are justifying the continued detention of this person \u2013 this uncharged<\/em> person \u2013 with two arguments that are seemingly contradictory: First, they say they already know in detail what documents are on the drive, so the person\u2019s guilt is a \u201cforegone conclusion\u201d, and second, they refuse to charge him until they have said documents decrypted. This does not make sense: either they have enough evidence to charge, in which case they should, or they don\u2019t have enough evidence, in which case there\u2019s also not enough evidence to claim with this kind of certainty there are illegal documents on the drive.<\/p>\n

In any case, this loss in the Appeals Court effectively means that file- and volume-level encryption is now illegal in the United States.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Without going through Congress, without public debate, without anything, the fuzzy \u201ccontempt of court\u201d has been used to outlaw encryption of files. When authorities can jail you indefinitely \u2013 indefinitely!<\/em> \u2013 for encrypting files out of their reach, the net effect of this is that file level encryption has been outlawed. (Encryption of transmissions, like with a VPN, has never been threatened this way \u2013 transmissions are transient in nature and therefore can\u2019t be seized.)<\/p>\n

So were there illegal documents on the drive? We don\u2019t know. That\u2019s the whole point. But we do know that you can be sent to prison on a mere assertion of what\u2019s on your drive, without even a charge \u2013 effectively for life, even worse than the UK law<\/a> which will jail you for up to five years for refusing to decrypt and which at least has some semblance of due process.<\/p>\n

The point here isn\u2019t that the man \u201cwas probably a monster\u201d. The point is that the authorities claimed that there was something on his encrypted drive, and used that assertion<\/em> as justification to send him to prison for life (unless he complies), with no charges filed. There\u2019s absolutely nothing saying the same US authorities won\u2019t claim the same thing about your drive tomorrow. Falsely, most likely. The point is that, with this ruling, it doesn\u2019t matter.<\/p>\n

Privacy remains your own responsibility.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An appeals court has denied the appeal of a person who is jailed indefinitely for refusing to decrypt files. The man has not been charged with anything, but was ordered to hand over the unencrypted contents on police assertion of what the contents were. When this can result in lifetime imprisonment under \u201ccontempt of court\u201d, … Continue reading “With appeals ruling, the United States has effectively outlawed file encryption”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4172,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1001,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-encryption","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nWith appeals ruling, the U.S. has effectively outlawed file encryption<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An appeals court has denied the appeal of a man jailed indefinitely for refusing to decrypt a hard drive, which authorities claim contains illegal material.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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