{"id":5945,"date":"2017-08-10T05:33:07","date_gmt":"2017-08-10T12:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/?p=5945"},"modified":"2021-08-02T06:52:06","modified_gmt":"2021-08-02T13:52:06","slug":"putting-face-facebook-mark-zuckerberg-building-world-without-public-anonymity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/putting-face-facebook-mark-zuckerberg-building-world-without-public-anonymity\/","title":{"rendered":"Putting the “face” in Facebook: how Mark Zuckerberg is building a world without public anonymity"},"content":{"rendered":"

Facial recognition has matured sufficiently that it is cropping up in real-world applications with increasing frequency, as recent Privacy News Online stories<\/a> attest. There\u2019s one well-known company that is more active in this area than most, not least because it has access to more facial images than any other. It even has the word \u201cface\u201d in its name, and yet the key role of facial recognition in Facebook\u2019s plans<\/a> is still under-appreciated.<\/p>\n

Facebook\u2019s roll-out of facial recognition features has been taking place gradually over the last few years. It was as long ago as 2010 that the company introduced \u201ctag suggestions<\/a>\u201c:<\/p>\n

When you or a friend upload new photos, we use face recognition software \u2013 similar to that found in many photo editing tools \u2013 to match your new photos to other photos you\u2019re tagged in. We group similar photos together and, whenever possible, suggest the name of the friend in the photos.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Later, Facebook expanded its \u201cfaceprints\u201d database to include the profile pictures<\/a> of people who were not tagged in any other photos. US Senator Al Franken was unhappy about this move, and in September 2013 wrote a letter to Mark Zuckerberg asking him to reconsider:<\/p>\n

\u201cLast July, as Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law, I held a hearing on the privacy implications of facial recognition technology; Facebook was one of our witnesses. As I said then, I was concerned by Facebook\u2019s creation of what is likely the world\u2019s largest privately held facial recognition database \u2013 without its customers\u2019 express consent. The proposed expansion of this program is highly troubling, especially since Facebook has refused to promise its customers that it won\u2019t share this program or its data with third parties in the future.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Facebook declined to change its plans in the US, but had less luck in Europe. There, strict privacy laws meant that both Hamburg\u2019s Data Protection Authority and Ireland\u2019s Data Protection Commissioner found even the basic tag suggestions illegal. As a result, in 2013 Facebook deleted all the photo tagging facial recognition data<\/a> it had obtained from users in the EU.<\/p>\n

In 2014, Facebook researchers published a paper about a project called \u201cDeepFace<\/a>\u201c. The paper\u2019s title was \u201cDeepFace: Closing the Gap to Human-Level Performance in Face Verification\u201d, which is an academic way of saying that DeepFace was nearly as good as humans at recognizing faces. It achieved that by using a chunk of Facebook\u2019s unparalleled facial dataset \u2013 four million facial images belonging to more than 4,000 identities \u2013 to train artificial intelligence software based on neural networks<\/a>. The results were impressive: a claimed accuracy of 97.35% correct recognition of \u201cLabeled Faces in the Wild \u201d \u2013 that is, real-life photos taken from Facebook pages. The system is also extremely efficient<\/a>, as DeepFace\u2019s lead engineer, Yaniv Taigman, told Science in 2015:<\/p>\n

\u201d \u2018The method runs in a fraction of a second on a single [computer] core,\u2019 Taigman says. That\u2019s efficient enough for DeepFace to work on a smart phone. And it\u2019s lean, representing each face as a string of code called a 256-bit hash. That unique representation is as compact as this very sentence. In principle, a database of the facial identities of 1 billion people could fit on a thumb drive.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Since then, Facebook has continued to deepen and enrich its facial recognition technologies. An algorithm from the company\u2019s artificial intelligence research group managed the seemingly impossible task of recognizing people 83% of the time even when their faces were not visible<\/a>. The trick was to use associated characteristics that are visible in the photos uploaded to Facebook \u2013 things like hairstyle, clothing, body shape and pose. Other work by Facebook engineers, revealed in a 2014 patent application, tries to work out somebody\u2019s emotions<\/a> from facial expressions.<\/p>\n

These continuing advances mean that Facebook has largely solved the facial recognition problem as far as the technology is concerned. It also possesses the largest face dataset, gleaned from its 2 billion users and their constant posting of photos of themselves, their family and friends. But there is one big threat to Mark Zuckerberg\u2019s plans to apply facial recognition to Facebook\u2019s unique collection of images ever-more widely: privacy laws. Although the US does not have federal legislation matching that of the EU, there is an important local law<\/a>, as the Chicago Tribune explained:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act [BIPA}, which passed in 2008, says no private entity can gather and keep an individual\u2019s biometric information without prior notification and written permission from that person. The Illinois law is considered to be strict in that it allows for private citizens to sue companies that collect their data without meeting those requirements. Recently, the law has become the subject of a slew of lawsuits against tech giants Facebook, Google, Shutterfly and Snapchat, with consumers claiming their biometric information was handled illegally.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Facebook tried to get the lawsuits brought against it over its tagging feature heard in California, where the use of biometric information is not restricted. But on a procedural issue, a California judge refused that request<\/a>, and ruled that the case should be heard in Illinois, where BIPA applies. By an interesting coincidence, a couple of weeks after that ruling, an amendment was proposed to BIPA that would have excluded photo tagging from its reach<\/a>. That would have been rather convenient for Facebook, which refused to confirm or deny that it had been involved in the move to get the amendment passed.<\/p>\n

However, the BIPA amendment was not passed, so Facebook will need to defend its facial recognition systems in Illinois, in what will be one of the most important cases in this whole area. If Facebook loses, its business strategy could be jeopardized, as could those of many other Internet giants that also see facial recognition as a key future technology.<\/p>\n

If Facebook wins, and is allowed to roll out more features and services based on increasingly-accurate facial recognition of billions of people, we will be moving towards a world without outdoor anonymity<\/a>, just as Rick Falkvinge predicted on this site four years ago. But it won\u2019t just be Facebook, Google and Microsoft that are scanning and identifying us everywhere we go in the physical world. The FBI launched a $1 billion facial recognition project<\/a> back in 2012, the US Customs and Border Protection is planning to apply facial recognition to all airline passengers<\/a>, including US citizens, boarding flights exiting the country, and key figures on Donald Trump\u2019s Homeland Security team<\/a> have strong links to the facial recognition industry. The technology will soon be ubiquitous. Enjoy the possibility of public anonymity while you can.<\/p>\n

Featured image by Facebook Research<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Facial recognition has matured sufficiently that it is cropping up in real-world applications with increasing frequency, as recent Privacy News Online stories attest. There\u2019s one well-known company that is more active in this area than most, not least because it has access to more facial images than any other. It even has the word \u201cface\u201d … Continue reading “Putting the “face” in Facebook: how Mark Zuckerberg is building a world without public anonymity”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":5949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,130,1940],"tags":[200,104,536,247,505,626],"class_list":["post-5945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-governments","category-social-media","tag-eu","tag-facebook","tag-facial-recognition","tag-germany","tag-illinois","tag-neural-networks"],"yoast_head":"\nPutting the "face" in Facebook: how Mark Zuckerberg is building a world without public anonymity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Facial recognition has matured sufficiently that it is cropping up in real-world applications with increasing 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He started covering the business use of the Internet in 1994, and wrote the first mainstream feature about Linux, which appeared in Wired in August 1997. His book, \"Rebel Code,\" is the first and only detailed history of the rise of open source, while his subsequent work, \"The Digital Code of Life,\" explores bioinformatics - the intersection of computing with genomics.","sameAs":["http:\/\/opendotdotdot.blogspot.com\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/glynmoody\/","https:\/\/x.com\/http:\/\/twitter.com\/glynmoody"],"url":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/author\/glynmoody\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5945"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30597,"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5945\/revisions\/30597"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5949"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}