{"id":9622,"date":"2018-12-05T18:02:22","date_gmt":"2018-12-06T02:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/?p=9622"},"modified":"2021-08-03T01:03:51","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T08:03:51","slug":"privacy-as-a-right","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/privacy-as-a-right\/","title":{"rendered":"Privacy as a Right"},"content":{"rendered":"

The first comment in response to\u00a0Privacy is Personal<\/a>\u00a0was this tweet by\u00a0@raouf777<\/a>:<\/p>\n

It is also a fundamental right, not a privilege to be bestowed on anyone. The individual should have the right to determine the extent of his privacy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

I agree with @raouff777\u2019s points, which almost go without saying. Because, well, of course privacy is a right. Hasn\u2019t it always been?<\/p>\n

Well, no. Or not exactly.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s start with what\u00a0Yuval Noah Harari<\/a>\u00a0says about rights in his book\u00a0Sapiens\u2014A Brief History of Humankind<\/em><\/a>\u00a0 (Harper, 2011, 2104):<\/p>\n

Sapiens rule the world, because we are the only animal that can cooperate flexibly in large numbers\u2026 We cooperate effectively with strangers because we believe in things like gods, nations, money and human rights. Yet none of these things exists outside the stories that people invent and tell one another. There are no gods in the universe, no nations, no money and no human rights\u2014except in the common imagination of human beings\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

That\u2019s in Chapter 2. In Chapter 6 he\u00a0 also challenges he concept of equality, which informs much of our thinking and lawmaking around rights:<\/p>\n

Is there any objective reality, outside the human imagination, in which we are truly equal? Are all humans equal to one another biologically? \u2026 Equally, there is no such thing as rights in biology. There are only organs, abilities and characteristics. Birds fly not because they have a right to fly, but because they have wings.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

So for now let\u2019s take Harari\u2019s point. Let\u2019s say rights are just a collection of stories we tell ourselves. As he points out earlier, those stories are what support cooperation, and hold civilization together. As he also points out, the story America\u2019s founders told in the Declaration of Independence was a helluva lot more civilized than the\u00a0Code of Hammurabi<\/a>, which applied the death penalty to\u00a0a huge variety of crimes<\/a>\u00a0(including lying), and codified women and slaves as forms of property. He also adds that the United States \u201cwould not have lasted 250 years if the majority of presidents and congressmen failed to believe in human rights.\u201d<\/p>\n

Belief is the thing. And belief, like our species, evolves. Among the less quoted parts of the Declaration of Independence is the passage crapping on \u201cthe Inhabitants of our Frontiers,the merciless Indian Savages, whose known Rule of Warfare, is an undistinguished Destruction, of all Ages, Sexes and Conditions.\u201d Slavery and absent suffrage for women were both lawful to the U.S. Constitution when it was ratified in 1789. Slavery ended with the\u00a013th Amendment<\/a>\u00a0in 1865, and equal protection didn\u2019t arrive until three years later with the\u00a014th Amendment<\/a>. Womens\u2019 suffrage didn\u2019t arrive until 1919, with the\u00a019th Amendment<\/a>. (To put that in a personal perspective,\u00a0my own grandmother<\/a>\u00a0couldn\u2019t vote until she was 37 years old, and made sure we knew it.)<\/p>\n

As for privacy, both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution fail to mention it.\u00a0Louis Brandeis<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Samuel D. Warren<\/a>\u00a0began<\/a>\u00a0to correct that absence through a landmark paper titled\u00a0The Right to Privacy<\/a>\u00a0(Harvard Law Review<\/em>\u00a0Volume 4 #5, December 1890<\/a>). What they say about privacy invasions by photographers and newspapers applies no less to mobile phone cameras and social media today\u2014and business models that are oblivious to privacy as well:<\/p>\n

Recent inventions and business methods call attention to the next step which must be taken for the protection of the person, and for securing to the individual what Judge Cooley calls the right \u201cto be let alone.\u201d10<\/a>\u00a0Instantaneous photographs and newspaper enterprise have invaded the sacred precincts of private and domestic life; and numerous mechanical devices threaten to make good the prediction that \u201cwhat is whispered in the closet shall be proclaimed from the house-tops.\u201d For years there has been a feeling that the law must afford some remedy for the unauthorized circulation of portraits of private persons;11<\/a>\u00a0and the evil of the invasion of privacy by the newspapers, long keenly felt, has been but recently discussed by an able writer.12<\/a>\u00a0The alleged facts of a somewhat notorious case brought before an inferior tribunal in New York a few months ago,13<\/a>\u00a0directly involved the consideration of the right of circulating portraits; and the question whether our law will recognize and protect the right to privacy in this and in other respects must soon come before our courts for consideration.<\/p>\n

Of the desirability\u2014indeed of the necessity\u2014of some such protection, there can, it is believed, be no doubt.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Toward that protection they conclude that privacy\u00a0is<\/em>\u00a0personal:<\/p>\n

Still, the protection of society must come mainly through a recognition of the rights of the individual. Each man is responsible for his own acts and omissions only. If he condones what he reprobates, with a weapon at hand equal to his defense, he is responsible for the results. If he resists, public opinion will rally to his support. Has he then such a weapon? It is believed that the common law provides him with one, forged in the slow fire of the centuries, and today fitly tempered to his hand. The common law has always recognized a man\u2019s house as his castle, impregnable, often even to its own officers engaged in the execution of its commands. Shall the courts thus close the front entrance to constituted authority, and open wide the back door to idle or prurient curiosity?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

We can trace that common law to\u00a0Cicero<\/a>\u00a0(106\u201343 BCE), who wrote, \u201cWhat more sacred, what more\u00a0strongly\u00a0guarded by every holy feeling, than a man\u2019s own home?\u201d The castle metaphor we owe to\u00a0William Blackstone<\/a>\u00a0(1723\u20131780 CE), in\u00a0Book 4, Chapter 16<\/a>\u00a0of his\u00a0Commentaries on the Laws of England<\/a>,\u00a0where he writes, \u201cAnd the law of England has so particular and tender a regard to the immunity of a man\u2019s house, that it stiles it his castle, and will never suffer it to be violated with impunity: agreeing herein with the sentiments of ancient Rome\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Today we call this\u00a0The Castle Doctrine<\/a>. And in fact that doctrine has been fairly well respected since Brandeis and Warren published \u201cThe Right to Privacy\u201d\u2014at least in the offline world, and with large thanks to Louie and Sam\u2019s pioneering paper.<\/p>\n

Here\u2019s a bit more of that paper. When you read it, think about how it applies to the online world today:<\/p>\n

Gossip is no longer the resource of the idle and of the vicious, but has become a trade, which is pursued with industry as well as effrontery. To satisfy a prurient taste the details of sexual relations are spread\u2026 To occupy the indolent, column upon column is filled with idle gossip\u2026solitude and privacy have become more essential to the individual; but modern enterprise and invention have, through invasions upon his privacy, subjected him to mental pain and distress, far greater than could be inflicted by mere bodily injury.\u00a0Nor is the harm wrought by such invasions confined to the suffering of those who may be made the subjects of journalistic or other enterprise. In this, as in other branches of commerce, the supply creates the demand. Each crop of unseemly gossip, thus harvested, becomes the seed of more, and, in direct proportion to its circulation, results in a lowering of social standards and of morality. Even gossip apparently harmless, when widely and persistently circulated, is potent for evil. It both belittles and perverts. It belittles by inverting the relative importance of things, thus dwarfing the thoughts and aspirations of a people. When personal gossip attains the dignity of print, and crowds the space available for matters of real interest to the community, what wonder that the ignorant and thoughtless mistake its relative importance\u2026. Triviality destroys at once robustness of thought and delicacy of feeling. No enthusiasm can flourish, no generous impulse can survive under its blighting influence.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Thus we should not be surprised to find Louie and Sam\u2019s definition of privacy\u2014\u201dthe right to be let alone\u201d\u2014coded into the EU\u2019s\u00a0General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)<\/a>, which is aimed straight at the tracking-based advertising business that pays for much (probably most) of the \u201cblighting influence\u201d we suffer on the Web today\u2014and\u00a0on our phone apps as well<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Now let\u2019s go back to what Harari says about rights being a story humans tell each other\u2014and how the changing stories we tell drive our changing beliefs, plus the laws that express those beliefs.<\/p>\n

Today the story we\u2019re telling about our right to privacy is mostly about privacy laws (such as the GDPR) and their effects \u2014 especially on companies that need to comply.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s an interesting story, but it\u2019s not one we need right now.<\/p>\n

The first story we need now is the one I told last week about the need for privacy tech of our own: tech that gives us the online equivalents of clothing and shelter. We have some of it (thank you, VPNs, crypto and onion routing). But we need a lot more.<\/p>\n

The second story is about privacy policies and terms of engagement that\u00a0we<\/em>\u00a0proffer, as we would a handshake. I\u2019ll say more about that one in my next post. Meanwhile,\u00a0here\u2019s a hint<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The first comment in response to\u00a0Privacy is Personal\u00a0was this tweet by\u00a0@raouf777: It is also a fundamental right, not a privilege to be bestowed on anyone. The individual should have the right to determine the extent of his privacy. I agree with @raouff777\u2019s points, which almost go without saying. Because, well, of course privacy is a … Continue reading “Privacy as a Right”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":9620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nPrivacy as a Right<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The first comment in response to\u00a0Privacy is Personal\u00a0was this tweet by\u00a0@raouf777: It is also a fundamental right, not a privilege to be bestowed on\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.privateinternetaccess.com\/blog\/privacy-as-a-right\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" 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